The Bolonia Plan is the process of adaptation of the Universities of Spain and rest of Europe to the 'Common European Space in Higher Education', which is the new university common system for all countries of Europe.
With the Bolonia Plan the existing credits, based on hours of class, are replaced by ECTS credits, which are estimated about the hours of work of the student. For 25 hours which is a credit, 10 are from lessons, 1 is given by the exams, 5 or 6 should be dedicated to study and 7 or 8 should be spent in personal working, but it will depend on the content, if it is more theoretical or practical. The teaching process changes, because the student is more involved in learning by himself .
The Bolonia Plan involves the disappearance of the Bachelor, the Degree will be the new grade . Nowadays, Physiotherapy is a career of 3 years, and with Bolonia’s Plan, it will change to 4 years, with a total of 240 credits ECTS (60 credits ECTS per year).
The new academic structure is formed by 3 cycles: degree, master and doctorate. The postgraduate involves the second and third cycle. Each cycle leads to obtain an official title. The overcoming of a cycle allows the access to the following one.
o 1º cycle – Grado / 240 ECTS (4 years)
o 2º cycle – Universitary Master / 60 to 120 ECTS (1 o 2 years) (Posgrado)
o 3º cycle – Doctorado / 3 years (Posgrado)
ECTS credits will unify the academic system in all Europe including Spain. This makes easier the mobility between universities and the mutual academic recognition.
lunes, 17 de mayo de 2010
Prodecedure for a clinic setting-up
As a natural person
- Building license approved by the city council.
- Opening license by the city council.
- Register in the Economic Activities Tax (IAE) and registration in the Tax Office that corresponds to the Physiotherapist. It should be done before starting the economic activity.
- To be included in the autonomous regime of the National Insurance (Minimal fee is 229,58 euros).
- Registration in the RES (Establishment Health Registry of the Health Ministry)
- If you are going to hire co-workers, you will have to apply for an employer number at the treasury of the National Insurance.
- Opening communication of the working place at the job counselling 30 days is the maximal term in order to have done it.
- Legalization of the work guestbook.
- Evaluation of occupational hazards.
- Fulfilment of the legislation related to personal protection data (important to clinics which own personal health data, which is considered high level personal data)
- Formal liabilities (record books of income and costs, etc. ).
As a legal entity
- Request of the public record in the Business Register (Registro Mercantil).
- Draft of social statutes.
- Title deeds grant of constitution and statutes.
- Mercantile entry request.
- Payment of the heritage taxes.
- Once registered the following steps are the same as for a natural person
- Formal liabilities (accounting chord to business code, etc.)
- Building license approved by the city council.
- Opening license by the city council.
- Register in the Economic Activities Tax (IAE) and registration in the Tax Office that corresponds to the Physiotherapist. It should be done before starting the economic activity.
- To be included in the autonomous regime of the National Insurance (Minimal fee is 229,58 euros).
- Registration in the RES (Establishment Health Registry of the Health Ministry)
- If you are going to hire co-workers, you will have to apply for an employer number at the treasury of the National Insurance.
- Opening communication of the working place at the job counselling 30 days is the maximal term in order to have done it.
- Legalization of the work guestbook.
- Evaluation of occupational hazards.
- Fulfilment of the legislation related to personal protection data (important to clinics which own personal health data, which is considered high level personal data)
- Formal liabilities (record books of income and costs, etc. ).
As a legal entity
- Request of the public record in the Business Register (Registro Mercantil).
- Draft of social statutes.
- Title deeds grant of constitution and statutes.
- Mercantile entry request.
- Payment of the heritage taxes.
- Once registered the following steps are the same as for a natural person
- Formal liabilities (accounting chord to business code, etc.)
Private Employment
There are two different ways of working in the private sector. It is possible to work for a private company or as a self-employed worker:
Working for a private company.
It is possible to access to this type of job by sending your curriculum vitae to the companies in the health sector as:
o Private clinics (some of these can be specialized)
o Clinics that works with insuring companies
o Private Hospitals
o Gyms
o Geriatric Clinics or Old People´s Home
o Spa or Health Resort
The best sources to find a job in the private sector are:
o Employment Exchange from the Official Physiotherapist´s College of each province. http://www.cfisiomad.org/.
o Internet (www.infojobs.net, www.oficinaempleo.com, are the most relevant ones).
o Newspapers and radio
o Official Employment Offices (INEM)
This kind of labour relationship is ruled by the legal regulation established in the Workers Statute. There are different wages agreements depending on the sector where you work. Some of the different wages agreements that can affect to a physiotherapist are the following:
- Health commercial establishment wage agreement.
- Gymnasium and hairdresser´s wage agreement.
- Catering Company or Hotel business wage agreement.
- State Wage agreement for Geriatric Clinics and Home Care Assistance.
- Assistance care, diagnosis, and physically handicapped rehabilitation state wage agreement.
All these wages agreements rule working areas as wages, holidays, maternity leaves, paternity leaves, working days in the year, weekly hours...
Self-employed worker
It is included in the Special System for Self-employed workers.
A person can established itself as self-employed as a Natural Person or through different associative forms as Limited Company (SL), Limited Liability Corporation (SA), cooperative, ownership….
State Grants: The Autonomous Region Administration publishes every year, different programmes for economic help. Usually it is better to start the activity before getting the subsidy because these subsidies or economic helps are granted after the activity has been started.
There are grants that the self-employed worker does not have to give back and others that are “soft credits” with a very low interest rate, below the one in the market. The most known “Soft credit” is the “Linea ICO” from the Instituto de Crédito Oficial (www.ico.es, Tel. – 900 121 121)
Other sources of funding:
For example, in Murcia, there are grants announced annually by the INFO (Instituto de Fomento de la Región de Murcia – www.ifrm-murcia.com ) which approves different economic helps categories for PYMES.
Working for a private company.
It is possible to access to this type of job by sending your curriculum vitae to the companies in the health sector as:
o Private clinics (some of these can be specialized)
o Clinics that works with insuring companies
o Private Hospitals
o Gyms
o Geriatric Clinics or Old People´s Home
o Spa or Health Resort
The best sources to find a job in the private sector are:
o Employment Exchange from the Official Physiotherapist´s College of each province. http://www.cfisiomad.org/.
o Internet (www.infojobs.net, www.oficinaempleo.com, are the most relevant ones).
o Newspapers and radio
o Official Employment Offices (INEM)
This kind of labour relationship is ruled by the legal regulation established in the Workers Statute. There are different wages agreements depending on the sector where you work. Some of the different wages agreements that can affect to a physiotherapist are the following:
- Health commercial establishment wage agreement.
- Gymnasium and hairdresser´s wage agreement.
- Catering Company or Hotel business wage agreement.
- State Wage agreement for Geriatric Clinics and Home Care Assistance.
- Assistance care, diagnosis, and physically handicapped rehabilitation state wage agreement.
All these wages agreements rule working areas as wages, holidays, maternity leaves, paternity leaves, working days in the year, weekly hours...
Self-employed worker
It is included in the Special System for Self-employed workers.
A person can established itself as self-employed as a Natural Person or through different associative forms as Limited Company (SL), Limited Liability Corporation (SA), cooperative, ownership….
State Grants: The Autonomous Region Administration publishes every year, different programmes for economic help. Usually it is better to start the activity before getting the subsidy because these subsidies or economic helps are granted after the activity has been started.
There are grants that the self-employed worker does not have to give back and others that are “soft credits” with a very low interest rate, below the one in the market. The most known “Soft credit” is the “Linea ICO” from the Instituto de Crédito Oficial (www.ico.es, Tel. – 900 121 121)
Other sources of funding:
For example, in Murcia, there are grants announced annually by the INFO (Instituto de Fomento de la Región de Murcia – www.ifrm-murcia.com ) which approves different economic helps categories for PYMES.
Public Employment
1. The most relevant offers between the public service can be found published by the Ministry of Economy and the Treasury Department that offers vacancies in the Health or Education Ministry (Consejerías de Economía y Hacienda).
It is also possible to work in a temporary way for the administration by being employed just to substitute during vacancies other workers who have the right to get a vacancy.
2. You can also access to the official exams for public job called in Spain “Oposiciones“ that are published in the BOE (Boletín Oficial del Estado – State Official Bulletin) and later in the BOP (Boletín Oficial Provincial – Province Official Bulletin of each Province).
3. At national level, vacancies can be announced for different organisms as for example, The Social Marine Institute.
Information can be obtained through the Official Physiotherapist´s College of each province. http://www.cfisiomad.org/.
It´s is possible to get additional information by the following organism or phone numbers:
- Regional Information Telephone number. 012
- Health Service of each Province
- Education Ministry in each Regional Government
- Councils
And also through Internet:
- State administration (Weekly Bulletin. Offers for public job): www.map.es
- Autonomous Administration: www.carm.es
- Madrid Health Service: www.madrid.org
- Madrid Council: www.munimadrid.es
Moreover,the Spanish Health System has two different areas in which Physiotherapist can work:
- Primary Health Care
- Specialized Health Care
Primary Health Care
It is the basic and initial level of treatment. It consists of a global and continuous care of the person through its life. It includes health promotion, health education, illnesses prevention, health assistance, health maintenance and recovery. It also includes physical rehabilitation and social work. All these activities are done by interdisciplinary teams.
Specialized Health Care
It comprises activities as National Insurance activities, diagnosis, therapeutic activities, rehabilitation and medical attention. It also includes activities that promote health, as health education, and illnesses prevention. It ensures global attention to patients once the Primary Health Attention has overcome its possibilities.
Physiotherapy in Specialized Health Care includes the rehabilitation in the following physiotherapy areas:
- Nervous System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Cardiovascular System
- Respiratory System
- And all areas described in Physiotherapy Specialization
Physiotherapists are always working among an interdisciplinary team (rehabilitation specialist, speech therapist, occupational therapist,...)
In the Public Area the Physiotherapist can work in the following fields and services:
o Health Centers – Primary Health Attention.
o Public Hospitals and Specialized Health Attention Centers – Specialized Health Care.
o Public Schools: Promoting, preventing and improving health among children and teenagers.
o Public Schools for Special Education. In this case, work is orientated to children with some physical problems.
o City Councils.
o Centres for promotion of the personnel autonomy.
o Attention Centres for dependant persons.
o Centres for persons with discapacity.
o Geriatric Centres.
It is also possible to work in a temporary way for the administration by being employed just to substitute during vacancies other workers who have the right to get a vacancy.
2. You can also access to the official exams for public job called in Spain “Oposiciones“ that are published in the BOE (Boletín Oficial del Estado – State Official Bulletin) and later in the BOP (Boletín Oficial Provincial – Province Official Bulletin of each Province).
3. At national level, vacancies can be announced for different organisms as for example, The Social Marine Institute.
Information can be obtained through the Official Physiotherapist´s College of each province. http://www.cfisiomad.org/.
It´s is possible to get additional information by the following organism or phone numbers:
- Regional Information Telephone number. 012
- Health Service of each Province
- Education Ministry in each Regional Government
- Councils
And also through Internet:
- State administration (Weekly Bulletin. Offers for public job): www.map.es
- Autonomous Administration: www.carm.es
- Madrid Health Service: www.madrid.org
- Madrid Council: www.munimadrid.es
Moreover,the Spanish Health System has two different areas in which Physiotherapist can work:
- Primary Health Care
- Specialized Health Care
Primary Health Care
It is the basic and initial level of treatment. It consists of a global and continuous care of the person through its life. It includes health promotion, health education, illnesses prevention, health assistance, health maintenance and recovery. It also includes physical rehabilitation and social work. All these activities are done by interdisciplinary teams.
Specialized Health Care
It comprises activities as National Insurance activities, diagnosis, therapeutic activities, rehabilitation and medical attention. It also includes activities that promote health, as health education, and illnesses prevention. It ensures global attention to patients once the Primary Health Attention has overcome its possibilities.
Physiotherapy in Specialized Health Care includes the rehabilitation in the following physiotherapy areas:
- Nervous System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Cardiovascular System
- Respiratory System
- And all areas described in Physiotherapy Specialization
Physiotherapists are always working among an interdisciplinary team (rehabilitation specialist, speech therapist, occupational therapist,...)
In the Public Area the Physiotherapist can work in the following fields and services:
o Health Centers – Primary Health Attention.
o Public Hospitals and Specialized Health Attention Centers – Specialized Health Care.
o Public Schools: Promoting, preventing and improving health among children and teenagers.
o Public Schools for Special Education. In this case, work is orientated to children with some physical problems.
o City Councils.
o Centres for promotion of the personnel autonomy.
o Attention Centres for dependant persons.
o Centres for persons with discapacity.
o Geriatric Centres.
Physiotherapy Specialization
There are quite a lot different areas where a Physiotherapist can work. We explain all of them in the following lines .
Cardiopulmonary
In cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation physical therapists treat a wide variety of individuals with cardiopulmonary disorders or those who have had cardiac or pulmonary surgery. Primary goals of this specialty include increasing endurance and functional independence. Manual therapy is used in this field to assist in clearing lung secretions experienced with cystic fibrosis. Disorders, including heart attacks, post coronary bypass surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis, treatments can benefit from cardiovascular and pulmonary specialized physical therapists.
Geriatric
Geriatric physical therapy covers a wide area of issues concerning people as they go through normal adult aging but is usually focused on the older adult. There are many conditions that affect many people as they grow older and include but are not limited to the following: arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, hip and joint replacement, balance disorders, incontinence, etc.
Geriatric physical therapy helps those affected by such problems in developing a specialized program to help restore mobility, reduce pain, and increase fitness levels.
Neurological
Neurological physical therapy is a discipline focused on working with individuals who have a neurological disorder or disease. These include Alzheimer's disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), ALS, brain injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and stroke. Common impairments associated with neurologic conditions include impairments of vision, balance, ambulation, activities of daily living, movement, speech and loss of functional independence.
Orthopaedic
Orthopaedic physical therapists diagnose, manage, and treat disorders and injuries of the musculoskeletal system including rehabilitation after orthopaedic surgery. This specialty of physical therapy is most often found in the out-patient clinical setting. Orthopaedic therapists are trained in the treatment of post-operative orthopaedic procedures, fractures, acute sports injuries, arthritis, sprains, strains, back and neck pain, spinal conditions and amputations.
Joint and spine mobilization/manipulation, therapeutic exercise, neuromuscular re-education, hot/cold packs, and electrical muscle stimulation (e.g., cryotherapy, iontophoresis, electrotherapy) are modalities often used to expedite recovery in the orthopaedic setting. Additionally, an emerging adjunct to diagnosis and treatment is the use of sonography for diagnosis and to guide treatments such as muscle retraining. Those who have suffered injury or disease affecting the muscles, bones, ligaments, or tendons of the body will benefit from assessment by a physical therapist specialized in orthopaedics.
Paediatric
Paediatric physical therapy assists in early detection of health problems and uses a wide variety of modalities to treat disorders in the paediatric population. These therapists are specialized in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of infants, children, and adolescents with a variety of congenital, developmental, neuromuscular, skeletal, or acquired disorders/diseases. Treatments focus on improving gross and fine motor skills, balance and coordination, strength and endurance as well as cognitive and sensory processing/integration. Children with developmental delays, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, or torticollis, may be treated by pediatric physical therapists.
Integumentary
Integumentary (treatment of conditions involving the skin and related organs). Common conditions managed include wounds and burns. Physical therapists utilize surgical instruments, mechanical lavage, dressings and topical agents to debride necrotic tissue and promote tissue healing. Other commonly used interventions include exercise, edema control, splinting, and compression garments.
Sports Physiotherapy
Sports Physiotherapy is a physiotherapy specialisation in which sport injuries are treated.
Sports physiotherapists also advice people how to avoid sports injuries as well as try to help them to get better a their respective sports.
Their work includes examining and diagnosing injuries in the field, being specially important their quickness in figuring out what is happening to the sportsman.
Skills which should be the main strength of sports therapists are manual therapy, therapeutic exercise and the application of electrotherapy.
Gynaecologic and urologic Physiotherapy
Gynaecologic and urologic Physiotherapy is specialised in treatments which try to avoid incontinence problems.
To achieve this goal physiotherapists will have to focus his/her treatments in strengthening the pelvic floor muscles of the patient.
These exercises can be taught at first in the clinic and afterwards made by the patient at home. As it is known incontinence problems create a big social problem for patients in their daily life, that is why physiotherapists should be in this case very sensible towards the patient`s possible social problem.
Lymphatic drainage
Lymphatic drainage is a physiotherapy technique which consists of a manual massage
Focusing on specific lymph nodes and points of the body, trying to restore the natural flow of the lymphatic system.
The result which is intended to achieve with this technique is basically to reduce the blockage of the lymphatic system.
Lymphatic drainage can be considered as a preventive health care which reduces swelling and can be used in order to treat lymphoedema.
Aesthetic Physiotherapy
Aesthetic physiotherapists treat all kind of diseases and problems which are related to our aesthetic sphere.
Scars and burns can be treated with aesthetic physiotherapy.
In both cases rosehip oil is used. Scars are common after surgery of waist definition.
After this surgery scars should be treated by an aesthetic physiotherapist in order to prevent the apparition of restriction in our skin.
Cardiopulmonary
In cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation physical therapists treat a wide variety of individuals with cardiopulmonary disorders or those who have had cardiac or pulmonary surgery. Primary goals of this specialty include increasing endurance and functional independence. Manual therapy is used in this field to assist in clearing lung secretions experienced with cystic fibrosis. Disorders, including heart attacks, post coronary bypass surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis, treatments can benefit from cardiovascular and pulmonary specialized physical therapists.
Geriatric
Geriatric physical therapy covers a wide area of issues concerning people as they go through normal adult aging but is usually focused on the older adult. There are many conditions that affect many people as they grow older and include but are not limited to the following: arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, hip and joint replacement, balance disorders, incontinence, etc.
Geriatric physical therapy helps those affected by such problems in developing a specialized program to help restore mobility, reduce pain, and increase fitness levels.
Neurological
Neurological physical therapy is a discipline focused on working with individuals who have a neurological disorder or disease. These include Alzheimer's disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), ALS, brain injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and stroke. Common impairments associated with neurologic conditions include impairments of vision, balance, ambulation, activities of daily living, movement, speech and loss of functional independence.
Orthopaedic
Orthopaedic physical therapists diagnose, manage, and treat disorders and injuries of the musculoskeletal system including rehabilitation after orthopaedic surgery. This specialty of physical therapy is most often found in the out-patient clinical setting. Orthopaedic therapists are trained in the treatment of post-operative orthopaedic procedures, fractures, acute sports injuries, arthritis, sprains, strains, back and neck pain, spinal conditions and amputations.
Joint and spine mobilization/manipulation, therapeutic exercise, neuromuscular re-education, hot/cold packs, and electrical muscle stimulation (e.g., cryotherapy, iontophoresis, electrotherapy) are modalities often used to expedite recovery in the orthopaedic setting. Additionally, an emerging adjunct to diagnosis and treatment is the use of sonography for diagnosis and to guide treatments such as muscle retraining. Those who have suffered injury or disease affecting the muscles, bones, ligaments, or tendons of the body will benefit from assessment by a physical therapist specialized in orthopaedics.
Paediatric
Paediatric physical therapy assists in early detection of health problems and uses a wide variety of modalities to treat disorders in the paediatric population. These therapists are specialized in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of infants, children, and adolescents with a variety of congenital, developmental, neuromuscular, skeletal, or acquired disorders/diseases. Treatments focus on improving gross and fine motor skills, balance and coordination, strength and endurance as well as cognitive and sensory processing/integration. Children with developmental delays, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, or torticollis, may be treated by pediatric physical therapists.
Integumentary
Integumentary (treatment of conditions involving the skin and related organs). Common conditions managed include wounds and burns. Physical therapists utilize surgical instruments, mechanical lavage, dressings and topical agents to debride necrotic tissue and promote tissue healing. Other commonly used interventions include exercise, edema control, splinting, and compression garments.
Sports Physiotherapy
Sports Physiotherapy is a physiotherapy specialisation in which sport injuries are treated.
Sports physiotherapists also advice people how to avoid sports injuries as well as try to help them to get better a their respective sports.
Their work includes examining and diagnosing injuries in the field, being specially important their quickness in figuring out what is happening to the sportsman.
Skills which should be the main strength of sports therapists are manual therapy, therapeutic exercise and the application of electrotherapy.
Gynaecologic and urologic Physiotherapy
Gynaecologic and urologic Physiotherapy is specialised in treatments which try to avoid incontinence problems.
To achieve this goal physiotherapists will have to focus his/her treatments in strengthening the pelvic floor muscles of the patient.
These exercises can be taught at first in the clinic and afterwards made by the patient at home. As it is known incontinence problems create a big social problem for patients in their daily life, that is why physiotherapists should be in this case very sensible towards the patient`s possible social problem.
Lymphatic drainage
Lymphatic drainage is a physiotherapy technique which consists of a manual massage
Focusing on specific lymph nodes and points of the body, trying to restore the natural flow of the lymphatic system.
The result which is intended to achieve with this technique is basically to reduce the blockage of the lymphatic system.
Lymphatic drainage can be considered as a preventive health care which reduces swelling and can be used in order to treat lymphoedema.
Aesthetic Physiotherapy
Aesthetic physiotherapists treat all kind of diseases and problems which are related to our aesthetic sphere.
Scars and burns can be treated with aesthetic physiotherapy.
In both cases rosehip oil is used. Scars are common after surgery of waist definition.
After this surgery scars should be treated by an aesthetic physiotherapist in order to prevent the apparition of restriction in our skin.
1. PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION
The first step a recently graduate should do it is to become a member of the Physiotherapists ´Professional Registry. The new professionals should apply for it in the Province where he or she works, for example in the Colegio de Fisioterapeutas de la Comunidad de Madrid (http://www.cfisiomad.org/). This process is forced by the law if you want to work as a physiotherapist.
In Madrid, the membership inscription fee for year 2010 is of 200€ and the annual fee is divided in quarters of 41€ for each quarter. The fees of each Physiotherapists ´Professional Registry of each autonomous region can change. For more information you can click http://www.cfisiomad.org/requisitos.asp.
Moreover, the Physiotherapists ´Professional Registry offers you quite a lot of services as, legal advice, fiscal advice, consultancy in investigation projects, public liability insurance, library, employment exchange... http://www.cfisiomad.org/ventajas.asp.
Professional Orientation can be divided in two big areas, the different specializations and the possibility of working in the Public Health Service or in the Private Health Service.
In Madrid, the membership inscription fee for year 2010 is of 200€ and the annual fee is divided in quarters of 41€ for each quarter. The fees of each Physiotherapists ´Professional Registry of each autonomous region can change. For more information you can click http://www.cfisiomad.org/requisitos.asp.
Moreover, the Physiotherapists ´Professional Registry offers you quite a lot of services as, legal advice, fiscal advice, consultancy in investigation projects, public liability insurance, library, employment exchange... http://www.cfisiomad.org/ventajas.asp.
Professional Orientation can be divided in two big areas, the different specializations and the possibility of working in the Public Health Service or in the Private Health Service.
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